Hoople
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The IAC is a calibrated vacuum leak. When the twist grip is released or at Zero, the throttle body butter-fly is completely closed unlike a carburetor where you have a stop screw to leave the butter fly slightly open by just a crack. Think of this "crack" on a carburetor as a vacuum leak because that is almost what it really is. The IAC takes the place of this crack adjustment. It is a motor driven air bleed, or motor driven air leak, if you will.
The ECM has a "Set Target Idle value" in the software that can be changed using a laptop. The ECM measures the engine RPM from the crank sensor output and adjusts the IAC position to get the engine to its target idle RPM. There are limits of adjustment on the IAC. The IAC is a two phase stepper motor that does not have feedback control. By that I mean, at no time does (or can) the IAC tell the ECM where it's position actually is. When you boot the ECM during startup, the IAC homes the stepper to its "Zero" step position and then counts steps at that point.
The above is only applicable to Non-TBW engine idle control.
The ECM has a "Set Target Idle value" in the software that can be changed using a laptop. The ECM measures the engine RPM from the crank sensor output and adjusts the IAC position to get the engine to its target idle RPM. There are limits of adjustment on the IAC. The IAC is a two phase stepper motor that does not have feedback control. By that I mean, at no time does (or can) the IAC tell the ECM where it's position actually is. When you boot the ECM during startup, the IAC homes the stepper to its "Zero" step position and then counts steps at that point.
The above is only applicable to Non-TBW engine idle control.